Kodi zofunikira pa makatani azaumoyo ndi ziti?

Malo azaumoyo amafuna chisamaliro chapadera pa chitetezo ndi ukhondo. nsalu yotchinga kuchipatala ayenera kupewa moto, kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda, komanso kupereka chinsinsi chodalirika. Malo ambiri tsopano amakonda makatani achipatala otayidwa nthawi imodzi kuti ukhondo ukhale wabwino. Chilichonse nsalu yotchingira chipatala imafuna kuwunika nthawi zonse kuti ipitirize kukhala yolimba komanso kutsatira malamulo azaumoyo.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Makatani azaumoyo ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yotetezera moto ndi maantibayotiki kuti ateteze odwala ndi ogwira ntchito ku zoopsa za moto ndi matenda.
• Kuyeretsa nthawi zonseKuyang'anitsitsa, ndi kusintha makatani nthawi yake kumaonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito bwino, otetezeka, komanso akutsatira malamulo azaumoyo.
• Mapaketi ayenera kupereka chinsinsi chokwanira ndi zinthu zolimba komanso zovomerezeka ndipo ayenera kuyikidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodalirika zoyendetsera kuti agwire ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka.

Zofunikira pa Chitetezo ndi Ukhondo pa Katani ya Chipatala

Miyezo Yoletsa Moto

Chitetezo pa moto chikadali chofunika kwambiri m'malo azaumoyo. Zipatala zimafuna makatani omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yoletsa moto kuti ateteze odwala ndi antchito.

• BS 5867-2 Mtundu C umayika muyezo wapamwamba kwambiri wotsutsana ndi moto mu makatani a kuchipatalaNsalu ziyenera kupirira kutsuka kwa nthawi 50 pa kutentha kwa 75°C, kuphatikizapo kuumitsa, popanda kutaya mphamvu zake zoletsa moto.
• Kuyesa kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito lawi loyima ndi kuyeza nthawi yowunikira pambuyo pa lawi ndi nthawi yowunikira pambuyo pake. Mafelemu amatha ngati lawi silifika m'mphepete mwa nsalu ndipo palibe zinyalala zoyaka zomwe zimagwa.
• Ku United States, makatani otsimikizika a NFPA 701 amadzizimitsa okha mkati mwa masekondi awiri ndipo amaletsa kufalikira kwa malawi mpaka mainchesi anayi kapena kuchepera. Mayesowa amawonetsa katani ku lawi la mainchesi 1.5 kwa masekondi 12.
• NYU Langone Health yakonzanso zipinda 8,000 ndi makatani ovomerezeka a NFPA 701, zomwe zapangitsa kuti chiopsezo cha moto chichepe ndi 60%.
• Nsalu za EU Euroclass B-s1,d0 sizimatulutsa utsi wambiri komanso sizimatulutsa madontho amoto, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo ochezeka a zipatala.
• Nsalu za polyester zomwe sizimayaka moto zimasunga mawonekedwe awo nthawi yonse ya moyo wa nsaluyo. Nsalu zomwe zakonzedwa ndi mankhwala zimafunika kukonzedwanso zaka zisanu zilizonse.

Chotchinga chachipatala chomwe chimakwaniritsa miyezo iyi chimatsimikizira malo otetezeka komanso kutsatira malamulo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kutsatira Malamulo ndi Malamulo a M'deralo

Zipatala ziyenera kutsatira malamulo am'deralo, aboma, ndi dziko posankha ndikuyika makatani. Mabungwe olamulira monga Joint Commission, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), ndi ozimitsa moto am'deralo amakhazikitsa zofunikira zenizeni pazipatala.

Maofesi ayenera kuyang'ananso zosintha za malamulowa nthawi zonse kuti atsatire malamulowo komanso kupewa zilango.

Mafelemu ayenera kuwonetsa zilembo zoyenera, kuphatikizapo kuwerengera moto ndi zambiri za wopanga. Zolemba zosonyeza kuti zinthu zikutsatira malamulo zimathandiza kuwunika ndi kuwunika malo. Zipatala zomwe sizikutsatira malamulo okhudza chindapusa, kusokoneza ntchito, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa milandu.

Katundu Wotsutsana ndi Mabakiteriya ndi Chilolezo cha FDA

Makatani a kuchipatala nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati malo ogwirira ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha maantibayotiki chikhale chofunikira. Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito nsalu zamakono komanso zokutira kuti achepetse chiopsezo chofalitsa matenda opatsirana. Tebulo lotsatirali likufotokoza mwachidule za magwiridwe antchito a nsalu za maantibayotiki m'zipatala:

Chilolezo cha FDA chikutsimikizira kuti mankhwala ophera majeremusi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsalu za makatani a chipatala akukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo ndi yogwira ntchito. Opanga ayenera kupereka umboni woti akugwirizana ndi mankhwala oyeretsera komanso kulimba kwake. Zipatala ziyenera kusankha makatani omwe ali ndi mphamvu yodziwika bwino yophera majeremusi kuti athandizire njira zopewera matenda.

Malamulo Oyeretsa, Kutsuka, ndi Kupha Matenda

Kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zonse kumawonjezera nthawi ya chinsalu cha chipatala ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda. Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kutsatira malangizo a opanga kuti azitha kuchiza matenda. kutentha kotsuka zovala, kuchuluka kwa nthawi yochitira zinthu, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oyenera.

• Nsalu zomwe zimaletsa moto komanso zopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimapirira kutsukidwa ndi kuumitsidwa mobwerezabwereza popanda kutaya mphamvu.
• Makatani otayidwa kupereka njira yothandiza pa malo omwe anthu ambiri amalowa m'malo awo, chifukwa ogwira ntchito amatha kuwasintha mwachangu wodwala akatuluka m'chipatala kapena ataipitsidwa.
• Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kulemba nthawi yoyeretsa ndi njira zoyeretsera kuti asonyeze kuti akutsatira malamulo panthawi yowunikira.

Katani yachipatala yosamalidwa bwino imathandizira malo otetezeka, aukhondo, komanso otsatira malamulo azaumoyo.

Zachinsinsi, Zinthu, ndi Miyezo Yokhazikitsira Katani ya Chipatala

Kuwonekera kwa Chidwi ndi Chitetezo

Katani ya kuchipatala iyenera kutsimikizira chinsinsi cha odwala. Nsaluyo iyenera kulepheretsa kuwoneka bwino mbali zonse, ngakhale m'zipinda zowala kwambiri. Opanga mapulani nthawi zambiri amasankha nsalu zolukidwa bwino kapena zinthu zokhala ndi zigawo zambiri kuti apewe kuwoneka bwino kwa mithunzi ndi mawonekedwe.

Kuphimba zachinsinsi kumayambira padenga mpaka pamwamba pa pansi, zomwe zimasiya mpata wochepa wa zida zoyeretsera ndi mpweya.
Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amadalira makatani awa kuti apange malo otetezeka komanso achinsinsi panthawi yoyezetsa, kulandira chithandizo, komanso chisamaliro chaumwini. Malo ogona ayenera kuyang'ana nthawi zonse malo osweka kapena owonekera bwino omwe angawononge chinsinsi.

Zipangizo Zovomerezeka ndi Kulimba

Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito okha zipangizo zovomerezeka kupanga makatani m'zipatala. Mitundu ya polyester ndi polyester imadziwika kwambiri pamsika chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, kukana moto, komanso kuyeretsa kosavuta. Malo ena amasankha nsalu zokhala ndi zokutira zapadera zomwe zimateteza mabakiteriya komanso kupewa mabala.

• Mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ikadali yayikulu polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosandi Acinetobacter baumanniiMakatani okhala ndi BASF amasonyeza ntchito yabwino kwambiri mpaka yapakatikati, pomwe ena ovala zovala zamalonda sapereka chitetezo chokwanira.
• Mphamvu ya antibacterial sichepa pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yosungidwa, zomwe zimasonyeza kulimba kwa chophimbacho.
• Kuyesa kukana kuvulala pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Martindale kumatsanzira mphamvu za nsalu zolimba. Pambuyo pa maulendo 1,000, kuchepa thupi kokha kumachitika, ngakhale kuti scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imasonyeza kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa ulusi.
• Mayeso opangidwa kuti akalamba amatsanzira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kuchipatala mwa kusuntha nsalu mobwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yofanana ndi milungu iwiri, miyezi itatu, ndi zaka zisanu. Kusanthula kwa gravimetric ndi kujambula kwa SEM pambuyo pa mayesowa kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka kwa nsalu ndi zokutira.
• Kujambula kwa SEM kumatsimikizira kuti zophimba zimakhalabe zofanana pa nsaluyo, ngakhale zitayamba kuphwanyika ndi kukalamba. Palibe zotsalira zooneka kapena zinthu zonga kristalo zomwe zimawoneka.
• Mayeso okhazikika a makina amaphatikiza miyeso yochepetsera thupi ndi kujambula kwa SEM kuti awone kulimba kwa nsalu ndi kusungidwa kwa utoto pazochitika zoyipa kwambiri.

Zotsatirazi zikutsimikizira kuti nsalu zamakono zotchingira m'zipatala zimatha kupirira zaka zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pamene zikusungabe mphamvu zake zotetezera.

Machitidwe a Track ndi Kukhazikitsa Koyenera

Katani ya kuchipatala imafuna njira yodalirika yoyendetsera galimoto kuti igwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti ikhale yotetezeka. Njira za aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndipo zimathandiza kuti nsalu zolemera ziyende bwino. Okhazikitsa galimoto ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti njirazo zikuyenda motsatira denga ndipo sizigwada kapena kupindika pamene zinthu zikulemera.

• Ma tracks okwera padenga amawonjezera chinsinsi ndipo amalola kuti malo onse odwala azikhala otsekedwa.
• Katani ya Cubicle Ma track nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zobisika kuti zitheke mwadzidzidzi.
• Malo oimika magalimoto kumapeto ndi zonyamulira zimaletsa makatani kuti asagwere pa msewu.
• Okhazikitsa ayenera kutsatira malangizo a opanga pa malo, malo omangira, ndi kusankha zida.

Kukhazikitsa bwino kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi ndipo kumaonetsetsa kuti antchito amatha kutsegula kapena kutseka chinsalu mwachangu ngati pakufunika kutero.

Malangizo Oyendera ndi Kusintha Nthawi Zonse

Kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti chitseko chilichonse cha chipatala chikhale bwino. Oyang'anira malo ayenera kupanga mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuwonedwa nthawi zonse, poganizira izi:

• Misozi, mabowo, kapena kusweka m'mphepete mwa mipata ndi m'mphepete
• Madontho kapena kusintha kwa mtundu komwe sikutsuka
• Kutayika kwa zilembo zoletsa moto kapena zoletsa maantibayotiki
• Kulinganiza kwa track ndi umphumphu wa hardware

Langizo: Sinthani makatani nthawi yomweyo ngati akuwonetsa zizindikiro za kuwonongeka, kuipitsidwa, kapena kutayika kwa zinthu zoteteza.

Opanga ambiri amalimbikitsa kusintha makatani ogwiritsidwanso ntchito miyezi 6 mpaka 12 iliyonse, kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa zovala. Makatani otayidwa ziyenera kusinthidwa wodwala aliyense akatuluka m'chipatala kapena akaoneka kuti ali ndi dothi. Kulemba zolemba zowunikira ndi nthawi yosinthira kumathandiza kuti zipatala zitsatire malamulo ndikuonetsetsa kuti odwala ali otetezeka komanso omasuka.

Kutsatira malamulo okhwima a makatani azachipatala kumathandizira kuti odwala azikhala otetezeka, aukhondo, komanso achinsinsi.

• Njira zopewera ndi kuletsa matenda zimachepetsa matenda okhudzana ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo, omwe amakhudza wodwala m'modzi pa odwala 31 tsiku lililonse ndipo amawononga mabiliyoni ambiri pachaka.
• Miyezo ya Joint Commission imatsogolera malo ogwirira ntchito posunga chitetezo chogwira mtima komanso njira zopewera matenda.

FAQ

Kodi ndondomeko yoyenera yosinthira makatani a kuchipatala ndi iti?

Opanga ambiri amalimbikitsa kusintha makatani omwe angagwiritsidwenso ntchito miyezi 6 mpaka 12 iliyonse. Makatani omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ayenera kusinthidwa wodwala aliyense akatuluka m'chipatala kapena akaoneka kuti ali ndi dothi.

Kodi makatani a kuchipatala amafunika zinthu zapadera zoyeretsera?

Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zotsukira zovomerezeka ndi wopanga makatani. Zinthuzi zimathandiza kusunga mphamvu zophera majeremusi komanso zoletsa moto.

Kodi makatani a kuchipatala ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi otetezeka monga omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito?

Makatani otayidwa Zikwaniritsa miyezo yofanana ya chitetezo cha moto ndi maantibayotiki monga njira zogwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ogwira ntchito amatha kuzisintha mwachangu, zomwe zimathandiza njira zowongolera matenda.

Kuneneza

FacebookLinkedInYouTubeFoniImelo